Purposes: The purpose of this study is to describe the results of Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screening in the Taichung Women's Prison (TWP) and to compare these results with those of the general population. Methods: We performed a Pap screen in TWP in 2007. The smears were interpreted and classified according to the modified Bethesda classification system. General population data were obtained from the Bureau of Health Promotion for comparison. Results: A total of 284 pap smears were evaluated. The mean age of the participants was 38.7±7.3 years. Twenty-two percent of the smears were interpreted as normal. The most common finding was reactive changes (68%). Compared with the general population, female prison inmates had a higher rate of abnormal pathology (4.22% vs. 1.30%, p<0.01). They also had a higher percentage of atypical squamous cells (ASC-US, 4.58%) and atypical glandular cells (AGS, 0.35%). Conclusions: A higher prevalence of abnormal Pap smears was observed in the female prison inmates. There is a need for considering the adoption of universal screening of Pap smears in female prison inmates in Taiwan. Careful follow-up of cases with abnormal smears is also recommended. (Taiwan J Fam Med 2010; 20: 38-45) 目的：本研究主旨在呈現台中女子監獄受刑人子宮頸抹片篩檢結果，並與一般族群進行比較。 方法：我們於2007年進行台中女子監獄受刑人子宮頸抹片篩檢。抹片結果根據修訂的Bethesda分類系統予以判讀分類。由國民健康局取得該年度一般族群抹片資料進行比較。 結果：總共取得284份子宮頸抹片進行分析。受檢者年齡平均為38.7±7.3歲。女受刑人抹片細胞學檢查正常者佔22%，最常見的異常為反應性變化（68%）。比起一般族群，女受刑人有較高的病理異常率（4.22% vs. 1.30%, p<0.01）。非典型鱗狀細胞（ASCUS）與非典型腺細胞（AGS）的比例也較高，分別為4.58%與0.35%。 結論：本研究顯示女受刑人族群抹片異常的盛行率遠高於一般族群。台灣應考慮全面落實子宮頸抹片篩檢，並針對異常者安排後續的追蹤。（台灣家醫誌 2010; 20: 38-45）